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Sri Lanka's water resources are under increasing pressure due to climate change and population growth. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are playing a crucial role in sustainable water management across the island. By mapping watershed boundaries, analyzing rainfall patterns, and monitoring reservoir levels in real-time, GIS enables better decision-making for irrigation scheduling and flood prevention. Advanced spatial analysis helps identify optimal locations for village tank rehabilitation projects, ensuring traditional water systems continue to serve rural communities effectively. Remote sensing data combined with ground surveys provides comprehensive insights into water quality and availability, supporting both agricultural productivity and environmental conservation. As we face more frequent droughts and floods, GIS technology offers the precision tools needed to protect this vital resource for future generations.